ATF Form 5320.20: Multi-State NFA Trusts

ATF Form 5320.20 is essential for legally transporting certain NFA firearms (like machine guns, short-barreled rifles, and destructive devices) across state lines. Here’s what you need to know:

• Who Needs It? Firearm owners moving NFA items across state lines, except for silencers and AOWs (Any Other Weapons).
• Key Requirements: Approval is needed before transport. Forms must include exact trust details, firearm information, and travel dates.
• Processing Time: Typically 2–4 weeks. Submit early to avoid delays.
• State Laws Matter: Federal approval doesn’t override state restrictions. Research state-specific rules before traveling.
• Common Mistakes: Mismatched trust names, incomplete forms, or ignoring local laws can lead to rejection or legal issues.
• Documentation: Always carry your trust documents, ATF forms, and state permits while transporting firearms.

For multi-state NFA trusts, accuracy and compliance with federal and state laws are critical. Tools like TrustNFA can simplify trust management and paperwork preparation.

How to Transport NFA Items Across State Lines

How to Complete ATF Form 5320.20

Filling out ATF Form 5320.20 correctly is essential for legally transporting NFA firearms across state lines. Accuracy is key to avoiding delays or denials.

Section 1: Trust Information

Start by entering the registered information for your trust, ensuring it matches the details on file with the ATF. In this section, you'll need to provide the registered owner's information. If the NFA firearms are owned by a trust, list only the trust's name exactly as it appears on your approved Form 1 or Form 4. Select the applicant type - Company, Trust, or Individual. For multi-state trusts, choose "Trust" and double-check that the name matches your ATF records.

The address you provide should be the trust's registered address, typically the same as the one on your tax stamp application. Include a valid phone number and email address so the ATF can contact you if needed. Even small inconsistencies with ATF records, like a misspelled name or incorrect address, can lead to a denial.

Section 2: Firearm Details

In this section, titled "Firearm(s) to be Transported", you'll need to provide detailed information for each NFA firearm you plan to transport. The form allows for up to three firearms; if you're moving more than three, you'll need to complete additional forms. For each firearm, copy the information from columns a–g on your approved Form 1 or Form 4 exactly as it appears.

Make sure to list the manufacturer as it’s shown on your tax stamp, but leave out processing language like "FORM 1 REGISTRATION UNITED STATES". Double-check that every required field is filled out - missing or incorrect details can cause delays or rejection. Once the firearm details are confirmed, you can move on to specifying your destination and travel dates.

Section 3: Destination and Travel Dates

Here, you'll provide the address of your destination and the dates you plan to transport the firearm. Be specific about the physical location, whether it’s a home, hotel, shooting range, or ranch. The travel period cannot exceed one year, and if the firearm isn’t returned by the stated date, you’ll need to submit a new form.

If you’re traveling to multiple nearby locations, one form will suffice. However, if a destination is more than 100 miles off your planned route, you’ll need to file a separate application. For regular travel between fixed locations - like your home state and a vacation property - you can cover up to a year on a single form. Just remember to renew it about a month before it expires. Lastly, include a brief, valid reason for the transport and indicate whether you’ll be using your personal vehicle or a shipping carrier.

Compliance Rules for Multi-State NFA Trusts

Handling NFA firearms across state lines using a trust requires careful navigation of both federal regulations and varying state laws. Things can get especially tricky when multiple states are involved, as each has its own unique set of rules and restrictions.

State-Specific Laws

Federal approval doesn’t automatically mean you’re in the clear at the state level. For example, while ATF Form 5320.20 provides federal authorization for interstate transport of NFA items, it doesn’t override state or local laws. Many states have their own firearm regulations, and some outright ban certain NFA items that are otherwise federally permitted.

Before moving any NFA firearms, it’s crucial to research the laws in your destination state and any states you’ll pass through. Some states, for instance, completely prohibit short-barreled rifles, while others might allow them with the correct permits. States like California and New York are known for having especially restrictive firearm laws that may conflict with your federal approvals.

Where trustees live matters too. Every trustee and beneficiary listed in the trust must meet their home state’s requirements for NFA ownership and possession. The trust itself doesn’t override local or state-level bans. If your trust involves multiple states, each trustee must comply with their state’s specific rules.

If a firearm listed in your trust is restricted in a particular state, you may need to consult an attorney to adjust the trust’s provisions. This could include limiting the authority of certain trustees to ensure compliance with state laws.

Next, let’s look at the crucial role of documentation in staying compliant during transport.

Document Preparation and Records

Traveling with NFA firearms requires more than just the right permits - you need to have all your paperwork in order. Always carry copies of your trust document, tax stamps, and any required state permits while transporting NFA items. Law enforcement officers may request these during stops or inspections.

Your documentation should include the following:

• The full trust document
• Approved ATF Forms 1 or 4 for each NFA item
• The approved Form 5320.20 for interstate transport
• Any state-specific permits or licenses

Keep these documents in a secure spot in your vehicle, separate from the firearms themselves. While physical copies are a must, having secure digital backups can be a lifesaver if your paperwork gets lost or damaged. Just remember, some jurisdictions may require original approved forms, so don’t rely entirely on photocopies or digital versions.

Federal law under 18 U.S.C. § 926A offers some protection for lawful firearm transportation. To qualify, firearms must be unloaded, locked, and stored in a way that makes them inaccessible during transit. This law applies when you’re traveling between locations where you can legally possess the firearms.

Finally, let’s explore some common pitfalls to avoid when managing NFA firearms across state lines.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

One common error is mismatched names. When NFA items are owned by a trust, you must list the trust’s name exactly as it appears on your approved Form 1 or Form 4, not an individual’s name.

Another frequent issue is inconsistent details. Make sure the information on your trust and firearm documents matches your approved tax stamps exactly. Even small discrepancies, like abbreviations or spacing errors, can cause problems.

Incomplete forms are another headache. Double-check every section of your paperwork before submission to ensure nothing is missing. Missing information can lead to delays or outright rejections.

Timing is everything. Submit your application at least 4–6 weeks before you plan to travel. Processing times can vary, and giving yourself extra time helps avoid last-minute stress if corrections or resubmissions are needed.

Lastly, don’t overlook local laws. Federal approval doesn’t mean you can ignore state or local restrictions. Always verify the rules for every state on your route to avoid running into legal trouble.

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Managing NFA Trusts with TrustNFA

TrustNFA takes the hassle out of managing multi-state NFA trusts by offering tools that simplify everything - from creating a trust to staying compliant with both federal and state regulations. Whether you're just starting or need ongoing support, TrustNFA makes the process of handling interstate NFA firearm ownership much more manageable.

Quick and Flexible Trust Creation

Creating an NFA trust with TrustNFA is a breeze. In less than 10 minutes, you can fill out their intuitive online form. Once submitted, you'll receive attorney-drafted trust documents within 24 hours, customized to meet legal requirements in all 50 states.

One of the standout features is the ability to make unlimited revisions to your trust documents at no additional cost. Whether you're adding trustees, removing beneficiaries, or adjusting terms to comply with changing state laws, TrustNFA ensures your trust stays up-to-date.

"This was the easiest most streamlined process. Couldn't have made it easier or better. Thank You." – AARON B

Your trust documents are also stored securely online, giving you access whenever and wherever you need them.

TrustNFA offers two pricing options: the Standard NFA Trust for $59 and the Premium NFA Trust, also for $59, which includes unlimited revisions and lifetime digital storage. The Premium option is ideal for those with more complex trust needs.

In addition to trust creation, the platform simplifies the often-complicated process of interstate firearm transportation.

Simplified Interstate Transportation

TrustNFA doesn’t stop at trust creation - it also provides tools to help you navigate the challenges of transporting NFA firearms across state lines. Their free ATF form generators make it easy to complete required paperwork, such as Form 5320.20. Plus, detailed walk-through guides ensure you understand every step of the process.

The platform supports various ATF forms, including Forms 1, 4, 5, and 5320.23, and even offers paperwork consultation services. The step-by-step guide for Form 5320.20 is particularly helpful for avoiding common mistakes that could lead to delays or compliance issues.

TrustNFA also provides up-to-date information on state-specific NFA laws. Since federal approval doesn’t override state restrictions, having access to this information can save you from costly errors. And if your trust needs adjustments due to changing laws or personal situations, TrustNFA offers amendments and technical support to ensure ongoing compliance.

"Emailed in 3 minutes as stated. Support follows up to help." – Phil L

With an impressive average rating of 4.98/5 from over 21,000 reviews, TrustNFA has proven itself as a reliable partner for NFA trust management. Their tools and resources make it easier than ever to stay compliant across state lines.

Final Steps for ATF Form 5320.20 Compliance

Here’s what you need to know to wrap up your application process for ATF Form 5320.20. Ensuring accuracy and following both federal and state laws is essential to keep your multi-state NFA trust compliant and legally transport your firearms.

Submit your paperwork correctly.
Start by downloading and printing two copies of the form. Sign and date them, then send them to the ATF via mail, fax, or email. Make sure to send your application well in advance of your travel date, as you must wait for the ATF's approval before transporting any NFA firearm. Once approved, the ATF will send the authorized or denied form to the address you listed in Box 1. Keep in mind, the approval is only valid for the specific time period you indicated on the form. If you're using a carrier to transport the firearm, provide them with a copy of the approved form.

Keep your records organized.
Maintain a thorough record of all your NFA firearm transactions. This includes copies of ATF forms, approvals, correspondence, and any documentation related to transfers or modifications. Keeping everything well-documented will help you demonstrate compliance with federal regulations if you're ever audited or investigated.

Stay updated on regulations.
Firearm laws can change, so it’s important to stay informed. Subscribe to ATF updates to track any changes to the application process or requirements. If you’re unsure about anything, consult legal professionals who specialize in federal and state firearm laws to ensure your trust remains compliant.

Key Points to Remember

Here are a few critical reminders to avoid common mistakes:

• Federal approval doesn’t override state laws. Double-check that your NFA firearm is allowed in each state you plan to visit, as some states may have additional restrictions or require separate government approval for transportation or shipping.
• ATF Form 5320.20 only applies to specific firearms, such as short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, machine guns, and destructive devices. Suppressors and "any other weapons" (AOWs) are not included.
• If you have questions, you can contact the ATF at 616-4500 or consult a Gun Trust Lawyer for expert advice.

For a smoother process, TrustNFA can help. They provide attorney-drafted NFA trust documents tailored to meet federal and state requirements across all 50 states. Visit TrustNFA to ensure your trust stays compliant and to get support navigating changing regulations for interstate firearm transport.

FAQs

What happens if I transport NFA firearms without filing ATF Form 5320.20?

Failing to submit ATF Form 5320.20 before transporting NFA firearms across state lines can result in serious legal trouble. Penalties include fines of up to $10,000 per violation and potential prison sentences of up to 10 years. On top of that, any firearms moved without the required authorization could be confiscated and classified as contraband.

To steer clear of these consequences, make sure you complete and get approval for the form from the ATF before taking items like suppressors or short-barreled rifles to another state. Following the rules not only keeps you compliant but also safeguards your rights as an NFA firearm owner.

What steps should I take to legally transport NFA firearms across state lines?

To legally transport NFA firearms across state lines, you’ll need to complete and submit ATF Form 5320.20 before traveling. This form is a federal requirement and grants approval to move items like suppressors or short-barreled rifles between states. Make sure to plan ahead, as the ATF needs time to process your application. Transporting these items without prior approval is against the law.

It’s also essential to familiarize yourself with the firearm laws of the states you’re traveling to and passing through. Some states have stricter rules for NFA items, and it’s up to you to ensure you’re following both federal and state regulations. Taking the time to prepare properly can help you avoid legal trouble and ensure your firearms are transported safely and lawfully.

What should I do if my ATF Form 5320.20 application is denied or delayed?

If your ATF Form 5320.20 application gets denied or delayed, the first step is to carefully review any correspondence from the ATF. This will usually outline the specific issue. Denials often stem from simple mistakes like incomplete forms, incorrect details, or missing signatures. Once you identify the problem, address it quickly - typically, you have 30 days to respond to an error notice before the application is formally disapproved.

For delays, it’s a good idea to check the ATF's current processing times, as these can fluctuate depending on the type of form and how accurate your submission was. If the delay feels unusually long, you can reach out to the ATF for an update. To avoid these headaches in the future, double-check your application for completeness and accuracy before submitting it.